ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the frequency of peripheral blood T cells among patients positive for both hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (HBsAb). Methods Thirty six patients with co-existence of HBsAg and HBsAb diagnosed were enrolled as the experimental group, who were admitted by Shanghai tenth people's hospital and Wuxi 9th people's hospital from 2014 to 2020. while 40 patients tested positive for HBsAg and negative for HBsAb served as controls, who were admitted by Wuxi 9th people's hospital. Flow cytometry was used to detect and compare the proportions of peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells between the experimental and control groups. In addition, the associations of serum HBsAb level with peripheral blood T cell proportions, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were examined among chronic hepatitis B patients with co-existence of HBsAg and HBsAb using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The median age, gender distribution, mean ALT and AST concentrations, proportion of HBV DNA viral load>103 copies/mL, seroprevalence of HBV E antigen (HBeAg), seroprevalence of HBV E antibody (HBeAb), seroprevalence of HBV core antibody (HBcAb) were comparable between the experimental and control groups, and there were no significant difference in them (P>0.05). There were no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of CD3+ T cell proportion [(71.83±1.50)% vs (72.75±1.47)%; t=0.66, P>0.05], CD4+ T cell proportion [(36.81±1.53)% vs (39.88±1.57)%; t=1.43, P>0.05] and CD8+ T cell proportion [(33.17±2.04)% vs (32.40±1.75)%; t=0.77, P>0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the serum HBsAb level did not significantly correlate with peripheral blood CD3+ (r=0.026, P=0.65), CD4+ (r=‒0.08, P=0.16) and CD8+ T cell proportions (r=0.09, P=0.24), CD4+/CD8+ T proportion (r=‒0.005, P=0.35), serum ALT (r=0.04, P=0.56) and AST levels (r=0.002, P=0.69) among chronic hepatitis B patients with co-existence of HBsAg and HBsAb. Conclusions There are no significant differences between HBsAg+/HBsAb+ and HBsAg+/HBsAb- CHB patients in terms of peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proportions.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for determination of the related substances and content of glucosamine hydrochloride products from different manufacturers, and evaluate the quality variation of products of three dosage forms from eight different manufacturers. METHODS: The determination method was developed on a Phenomenex Luna NH2 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), with phosphate buffer (7.0 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate dissolved in a suitable amount of water, diluted with 0.5 mL ammonia, add water to 2 000 mL, adjusted to pH 7.5 with phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (25:75) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL· min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 30℃ and detection wavelength was set at 195 nm. RESULTS: The system suitability test met the requirements, and the resolution between the peaks of glucosamine hydrochloride and the impurities were greater than 1.5. Good linearity was shown for glucosamine hydrochloride in the concentration range of 0.156 64-15.664 mg·mL-1 (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate was 101.14%, with RSD of 1.20% (n=9). CONCLUSION: The established method can be applied in the simultaneous determination of the related substances and content of glucosamine hydrochloride products and provide reference for the quality control.
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OBJECTIVE: In vivo study on the oxybutynin hydrochloride (OXB) ethosomal gel in rabbits was carried out to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters in comparison to contrast gel. METHODS: After transdermal administration in rabbits of the OXB ethosomal gel and contrast gel respectively, OXB in the plasma was determined by HPLC-MS, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS 2.1.1. RESULTS: Dose of OXB for 20 mg in the ethosomal gel and for 50 mg in contrast gel transdermal delivery, the AUC0→48 of ethosomal gel and contrast gel were 597.63, 518.40 ng · h · mL-1, ρmax were 27.91, 29.81 ng · mL-1, and tmax were 6.67, 4.67 h respectively. A relative bioavailability of OXB ethosomal gel was 288.4% compared with contrast gel. CONCLUSION: In vivo experiments indicate that the OXB ethosomal gel not only reduce the drug dosage, but also show good bioavailability in rabbits.